In 1643 Evangalisa Torichelli invented the first what

Barometer

Evangelista Torricelli (Italian: [evandʒeˈlista torriˈtʃɛlli] About this sound listen (help·info)) (1608–1647) was an Italian physicist and mathematician, best known for his invention of the barometer, but is also known for his advances in optics and work on the method of Indivisibles.

Torricelli's chief invention was the mercury barometer. "This instrument is named from two Greek words, signifying two measures of weight, since by it a column of air is weighed against a column of mercury."

Read more...https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli